Morse code
In 1838 Sanual Morse devised a simple code of dots and dashes to enable messages to be transmitted over a single wire system. Interestingly, the easily memorised letter, "S-O-S", the international distress signal, were only given the catch-phrase, "Save Our Souls" some time later.
Timing of the code is very important if any sense is to be made of the dots and dashes recieved by the listener. All timings are a function of dot length, i.e. 1 dot = 1 unit.
| Dot (·) | = 1 unit | Dash (-) | = 3 units |
| Pause between elements of one character | = 1 unit |
| Pause between the characters of one word | = 3 units |
| Pause between each word | = 7 units |
| The code |
| A | · - |
J | · - - - |
S | · · · |
2 | · · - - - |
| B | - · · · |
K | - · - |
T | - |
3 | · · · - - |
| C | - · - · |
L | · - · · |
U | · · - |
4 | · · · · - |
| D | - · · |
M | - - |
V | · · · - |
5 | · · · · · |
| E | · |
N | - · |
W | · - - |
6 | - · · · · |
| F | · · - · |
O | - - - |
X | - · · - |
7 | - - · · · |
| G | - - · |
P | · - - · |
Y | - · - - |
8 | - - - · · |
| H | · · · · |
Q | - - · - |
Z | - - · · |
9 | - - - - · |
| I | · · |
R | · - · |
1 | · - - - - |
0 | - - - - - |
| Period | · - · - · |
Comma | - - · · - - |
| Error | · · · · · · · · |
Wait | · - · · · |
| Question Mark | · · - - · · |
End of Message | · - · - · |
| Dash or Hyphen | - · · · · - |
Colon or ÷ | - - - · · · |
| Prelim. Call | - · - · - |
Quotation Marks | · - · · - · |
| Aposthrophe | · - - - - · |
Open Parenthesis | - · - - · |
| Close Parenthesis | - · - - · - |
Equal Sign | - · · · - |
| Plus Sign | · - · - · |
Multiplication Sign | - · · - |
| Stroke | - · · - · |
Warning | · - · · - |
| Understood | · · · - · |
Tx Received | · - · |
| Close Signal | · · · - · - |
Closing Down Tx | - · - · · - · |